Plywood inogadzirwa nematanda matatu kana anopfuura akatetepa akasungwa pamwe chete neanonamatira.Nheyo imwe neimwe yehuni, kana ply, inowanzotarisa nembeu yayo inomhanya pamakona akarurama kune iyo yakatarisana neyoyo kuitira kuderedza shrinkage uye kuvandudza kusimba kwechidimbu chakapedzwa.Plywood yakawanda inotsikirirwa mumashizha makuru, akafuratira anoshandiswa mukuvaka.Zvimwe zvimedu zveplywood zvinogona kuumbwa kuita ma curves akareruka kana akabatanidzwa kuti ashandiswe mufenicha, zvikepe, uye ndege.
Kushandiswa kwematanda matete akaturikidzana senzira yekuvaka kusvika kumakore angangoita 1500 BC apo mhizha dzeEjipitori dzakabatanidza zvidimbu zvitete zvemuti wakasviba weebony kune kunze kwebhokisi remusidhari rakawanikwa muguva raMambo Tut-Ankh-Amon.Iyi nzira yakazoshandiswa nevaGiriki nevaRoma kugadzira fenicha yakanaka nezvimwe zvinhu zvekushongedza.Mumakore ekuma1600, unyanzvi hwekushongedza fenicha nezvidimbu zvitete zvehuni zvakazozivikanwa seveneering, uye zvidimbu pachazvo zvakazozivikanwa seveneers.
Kusvikira pakupera kwema1700, zvidimbu zveveneer zvakatemwa zvachose nemaoko.Muna 1797, murume weChirungu Sir Samuel Bentham akakumbira mapepa ekudzivirira anovhara michina yakawanda yekugadzira michina.Mukushandisa kwake patent, akatsanangura pfungwa yekunamisa matinji eveneer neglue kuti aite chimedu chakakora — tsananguro yekutanga yezvatinodaidza kuti plywood.
Zvisinei nebudiriro iyi, zvakatora angangoita mamwe makore zana vasati vawana chero kushandiswa kwekutengesa kunze kweindasitiri yefenicha.Munenge muna 1890, matanda ane laminated akatanga kushandiswa kuvaka magonhi.Sezvo kudiwa kwaikura, makambani akati wandei akatanga kugadzira mapepa ematanda akawanda ane ply laminated, kwete emagonhi chete, asiwo ekushandisa mumotokari dzenjanji, mabhazi, uye ndege.Pasinei nekuwedzera kwekushandiswa uku, pfungwa yekushandisa "matanda akaiswa," sekudanwa kwaakaitwa nevamwe mhizha, yakaunza mufananidzo wakashata wechigadzirwa.Kurwisa chifananidzo ichi, vagadziri vehuni dzakagadzirwa vakasangana uye vakazogadzirisa pazita rekuti "plywood" kutsanangura chinhu chitsva.
Muna 1928, mapepa eplywood ekutanga akajairwa 4 ft ne8 ft (1.2 m by 2.4 m) akaunzwa muUnited States kuti ashandiswe sechinhu chakajairika chekuvakisa.Mumakumi emakore akatevera, kunamira kwakagadziridzwa uye nzira nyowani dzekugadzira dzakabvumira plywood kuti ishandiswe kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa.Nhasi, plywood yakatsiva matanda akachekwa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakawanda zvekuvaka, uye kugadzira plywood kwava mabhiriyoni emadhora, indasitiri yepasi rose.
Iwo ekunze akaturikidzana eplywood anozivikanwa zvakateerana sechiso uye kumashure.Chiso (face) inzvimbo inofanira kushandiswa kana kuonekwa, uku musana unoramba usina kushandiswa kana kuvanzwa.Iyo yepakati layer inozivikanwa se core.Mune plywoods ane mashanu kana kupfuura plies, iyo yepakati-yepakati-yepakati inozivikanwa seyachinjika.
Plywood inogona kugadzirwa kubva kune hardwoods, softwoods, kana kusanganiswa kwezviviri.Mimwe miti yakaoma yakaoma inosanganisira madota, maple, mahogany, oak, uye teak.Iyo yakawanda yakapfava inoshandiswa kugadzira plywood muUnited States iDouglas fir, kunyange zvazvo marudzi akawanda epaini, misidhari, spruce, uye redwood anoshandiswawo.
Composite plywood ine musimboti wakagadzirwa neparticleboard kana matanda akasimba zvidimbu zvakabatanidzwa kumucheto.Inopedzwa ne plywood veneer chiso uye kumashure.Composite plywood inoshandiswa panodiwa mashizha akakora.
Mhando yekunamatira inoshandiswa kubatanidza matanda ehuni pamwe chete inobva pane chaiyo inoshandiswa yeplywood yakapera.Mashizha eSoftwood plywood akagadzirirwa kuiswa kunze kwechimiro anowanzo shandisa phenol-formaldehyde resin seanonamira nekuda kwesimba rayo rakanaka uye kuramba kunyorova.Mashizha eSoftwood plywood akagadzirirwa kuiswa mukati mechimiro anogona kushandisa puroteni yeropa kana soybean protein adhesive, kunyangwe akawanda manyoro emukati masheets ave kuitwa neiyo yakafanana phenol-formaldehyde resin inoshandiswa kunze kwemashizha.Hardwood plywood inoshandiswa mukati mekushandisa uye mukuvaka fenicha kazhinji inogadzirwa neurea-formaldehyde resin.
Mamwe maapplication anoda mapepa eplywood ane pepa rakatetepa repurasitiki, simbi, kana resin-impregnated bepa kana jira rakasungirirwa kumeso kana kumashure (kana zvese) kupa kunze kwekunze kupikisa hunyoro uye abrasion kana kunatsiridza pendi yayo- kubata zvivakwa.Plywood yakadaro inonzi plywood yakafukidzwa uye inowanzoshandiswa mukuvaka, kutakurisa, uye maindasitiri ekurima.
Mamwe mapepa eplywood anogona kuputirwa netsvina yemvura kuti ape nzvimbo yacho chitarisiko chakapedzwa, kana kuti inogona kurapwa nemakemikari akasiyana siyana kuvandudza plywood murazvo wekudzivirira kana kuramba kuora.
Kune makirasi maviri akafara eplywood, imwe neimwe iine yayo yekugadzika system.
Imwe kirasi inozivikanwa sekuvaka uye maindasitiri.Plywoods mukirasi ino anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune simba ravo uye anoyerwa nekugona kwavo kuratidza uye giredhi revheni rinoshandiswa kumeso uye kumashure.Kuratidzira kugona kunogona kunge kuri mukati kana kunze, zvichienderana nerudzi rweglue.Magiredhi eVeneer anogona kunge ari N, A, B, C, kana D. N giredhi rine mashoma mashoma epamusoro, nepo D giredhi ringave neakawanda mapfundo uye kupatsanurwa.Semuyenzaniso, plywood inoshandiswa subflooring mumba inonzi "Interior CD".Izvi zvinoreva kuti ine C face ine D kumashure, uye glue rakakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.Mapepa emukati ezvese zvekuvaka uye maindasitiri plywood anogadzirwa kubva kugiredhi C kana D veneer, zvisinei kuti chiyero chakadii.
Imwe kirasi yeplywood inozivikanwa sehuni yakaoma uye yekushongedza.Plywoods mukirasi ino anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuonekwa kwawo uye anoiswa mugiredhi mukudzika kurongeka kwekupokana nehunyoro seTechnical (Exterior), Type I (Exterior), Type II (Interior), uye Type III (Interior).Kumeso kwadzo hakuna kuremara.
Saizi
Plywood mapepa anosiyana mukukora kubva.06 mu (1.6 mm) kusvika 3.0 mukati (76 mm).Ukobvu huzhinji huri mu 0.25 mu (6.4 mm) kusvika 0.75 mu (19.0 mm).Kunyangwe iyo musimboti, mabhandi, uye kumeso uye kumashure kwepepa replywood zvinogona kugadzirwa neakasiyana makubvu veneers, ukobvu hweumwe neumwe hunofanira kuenzana pakati pepakati.Semuenzaniso, chiso neshure zvinofanira kunge zvakaenzana.Saizvozvowo kumusoro uye pasi mabhendi anofanira kuenzana.
Saizi yakajairika yemapepa eplywood anoshandiswa mukuvaka zvivakwa ndeye 4 ft (1.2 m) yakafara ne8 ft (2.4 m) kureba.Humwe hupamhi hunowanikwa 3 ft (0.9 m) uye 5 ft (1.5 m).Hurefu hunosiyana kubva pa8 ft (2.4 m) kusvika 12 ft (3.6 m) mu1 ft (0.3 m) increments.Kushandiswa kwakakosha sekuvaka chikepe kungangoda mapepa akakura.
Miti inoshandiswa kugadzira plywood kazhinji idiki muhupamhi pane iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira matanda.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, dzakasimwa uye dzakakura munzvimbo dzine kambani yeplywood.Idzi nzvimbo dzakanyatsotarisirwa kuti dziwedzere kukura kwemuti uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa kubva kune zvipembenene kana moto.
Heino nhevedzano yakajairika yemashandiro ekugadzira miti kuita mwero 4 ft ne8 ft (1.2 m by 2.4 m) mapepa eplywood:
Matanda anotanga kubviswa obva achekwa kuita peeler blocks.Kuti acheke mabhuroko kuita zvidimbu zveveneer, anotanga anyoroveswa uye ozopepetwa kuita zvidimbu.
1 Miti yakasarudzwa munzvimbo inoiswa chiratidzo seyagadzirira kutemwa, kana kuti kutemwa.Kutema kungaitwa nemasaha echeni ane peturu kana kuti nemagera mahombe ehydraulic akaiswa pamberi pemotokari dzine mavhiri dzinonzi feller.Mitezo yacho inobviswa pamiti yakawa nemasaha emaketani.
2 Hunde yemiti yakatemwa, kana kuti matanda, inokweverwa kunzvimbo inorongedzerwa nemotokari dzine mavhiri dzinonzi skidders.Matanda acho anochekwa kusvika pakureba uye anotakurwa mumarori nokuda kwerwendo kuenda kuchigayo cheplywood, uko anoturikidzwa mumirwi yakareba inozivikanwa semapuranga decks.
3 Sezvo matanda ari madikanwa, anonhongwa kubva mumatanda emapuranga nemitoro ine matayi erabha uye anoiswa pacheni inotakura inoaunza kumuchina wokubvisa.Muchina uyu unobvisa makwati, kungave nemavhiri ekukuya ane mazino akapinza kana nemajeti emvura ine simba guru, nepo danda richitenderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro peakiso yaro refu.
4 Matanda akachekwa anotakurwa achiiswa muguyo pacheni inotakura zvinhu apo saha hombe yedenderedzwa inoacheka kuita zvikamu zvinenge 8 ft-4 mu (2.5 m) kusvika 8 ft-6 mu (2.6 m) kureba, akakodzera kugadzira mwero 8 ft. (2.4 m) mapepa akareba.Izvi zvikamu zvelogi zvinozivikanwa se peeler blocks.
5 Veneer isati yachekwa, madhiri ekusvuura anofanira kudziyiswa uye kunyoroveswa kuti huni dzipfavise.Mabhuroki anogona kubikwa kana kunyudzwa mumvura inopisa.Iyi nzira inotora maawa 12-40 zvichienderana nemhando yehuni, dhayamita yebhokisi, nezvimwe zvinhu.
6 Mabhuroko anopisa anosvuura anobva atakurwa kuenda kupeeler lathe, uko anozorongedzerwa otopirwa mulathe imwe panguva.Sezvo lathe inotenderedza bhuroko nekukurumidza pamusoro peakisi yaro refu, banga rakareba rakazara rinosvuura pepa rinoramba riripo revheni kubva pamusoro pechivharo chinotenderera pachiyero che 300-800 ft/min (90-240 m/min).Kana iyo dhayamita yebhuroko yadzikiswa kusvika pa3-4 mukati (230-305 mm), chidimbu chehuni chasara, chinozivikanwa se peeler core, chinoburitswa kubva palathe uye bhuroka nyowani rinopeererwa rinoiswa panzvimbo.
.Chero zvazvingava, nzira inotevera inosanganisira kucheka vheji kuita upamhi hunogona kushandiswa, kazhinji inenge 4 ft-6 mu (1.4 m), kuitira kugadzira mapepa eplywood akareba 4 ft (1.2 m).Panguva imwecheteyo, optical scanners anotarisa zvikamu zvine hurema husingagamuchirwi, uye izvi zvakadimburwa kunze, zvichisiya zvisingasviki zvimedu zvehupamhi hweveneer.
Mitsetse yakanyorova yeveneer inoiswa mupumburu, nepo optical scanner inoona chero kukanganisa kusingagamuchirwi muhuni.Kana yaomeswa veneer inoiswa grade uye yakaturikidzana.Zvikamu zvakasarudzwa zveveneer zvinonamirwa pamwechete.Muchina wekutsikirira unopisa unoshandiswa kunama vheneer muchidimbu chimwe chakasimba cheplywood, chinozodimburwa nekuiswa jecha chisati chadhindwa negiredhi rayo rakakodzera.
8 Zvikamu zveveneer zvino zvinorongwa uye zvakarongwa maererano negiredhi.Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemaoko, kana kuti zvinogona kuitwa otomatiki uchishandisa optical scanners.
9 Zvikamu zvakarongwa zvinoiswa muomesi kuti zvideredze hunyoro hwazvo uye kuti zvidzikire zvisati zvabatanidzwa.Zvigayo zvakawanda zveplywood zvinoshandisa mechanical dryer umo zvidimbu zvinoramba zvichifamba kuburikidza nekamuri inopisa.Mune mamwe madhiri, jeti dzepamusoro-velocity, mhepo inopisa inoputirwa pamusoro pezvimedu kuti ikurumidze kuomesa.
10 Sezvo zvikamu zveveneer zvinobuda kubva muomesi, zvinorongedzerwa zvinoenderana negiredhi.Underwidth zvikamu zvine veneer yakawedzerwa yakarukwa netepi kana glue kuita zvidimbu zvakakodzera kushandiswa mukati memukati memukati umo chitarisiko nesimba zvisinganyanyi kukosha.
11 Zvikamu zviya zveveneer zvichaiswa machinjiro — core mumapepa ane mapuranga matatu, kana kuti mabhanhire ari mumashizha mashanu—anochekwa kuita hurefu hunosvika 4 ft-3 mu (1.3 m).
12 Kana zvikamu zvakakodzera zveveneer zvaungana kune imwe kumhanya kweplywood, nzira yekuisa uye kubatanidza zvidimbu pamwechete zvinotanga.Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemaoko kana semi-otomatiki nemichina.Muchiitiko chakareruka chetatu-ply sheets, vheji yekumashure inoiswa pasi uye inoshandiswa kuburikidza neglue spreader, iyo inoshandisa chidimbu cheglue kumusoro.Zvikamu zvipfupi zve core veneer zvinobva zvaiswa mharadzano pamusoro peiyo glued kumashure, uye pepa rose rinomhanyiswa nepakati peglue spreader kechipiri.Pakupedzisira, vheji yechiso inoradzikwa pamusoro pepakati yakanamwa, uye bepa racho rinoturikidzwa nemamwe mapepa akamirira kupinda muchina.
13 Mashizha akanamirwa anoiswa mumuchina unovhura wakawanda unopisa.michina inotsikirira inogona kubata 20-40 mapepa panguva, nepepa rega rega rakatakurwa mune yakaparadzana slot.Kana mapepa ese akaremerwa, dhinda rinoasvina pamwe chete pasi pekumanikidzwa kwe110-200 psi (7.6-13.8 bar), panguva imwe chete ichidziisa kune tembiricha inosvika 230-315 ° F (109.9-157.2 °) C).Dzvinyiriro inovimbisa kubatana kwakanaka pakati pezvikamu zveveneer, uye kupisa kunoita kuti glue irape zvakanaka kuti iwane simba guru.Mushure menguva ye 2-7 maminetsi, kudhinda kunovhurwa uye mapepa anobudiswa.
14 Masheets acho anozopfuura nepakati pemasaha, ayo anoachekerera kusvika paupamhi nokureba kwokupedzisira.Mashizha egiredhi epamusoro anopfuura nepakati peseti ye4 ft (1.2 m) yakafara bhandi majecha, ayo ane jecha kumeso nekumusana.Mashizha egiredhi epakati anoiswa jecha nemaoko kuti achenese nzvimbo dzine hutsinye.Mamwe mapepa anofambiswa nepakati peseti yedenderedzwa saw blades, iyo inocheka isina kudzika grooves kumeso kupa plywood chitarisiko chemavara.Mushure mekuongorora kwekupedzisira, chero kukanganisa kwasara kunogadziriswa.
15 Mapepa apedzwa anodhindwa negiredhi-trademark inopa mutengi ruzivo nezve chiyero chekuratidzwa, giredhi, nhamba yechigayo, nezvimwe zvinhu.Mashiti egiredhi rimwe chete-trademark anosungwa pamwechete mumatura uye anoendeswa kunzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu kuti amirire kutumirwa.
Sezvakangoita nematanda, hapana chinhu chakadai sechidimbu chakakwana cheplywood.Zvose zvidimbu zveplywood zvine humwe huwandu hwekuremara.Nhamba uye nzvimbo yezvirema izvi zvinotarisa giredhi replywood.Mayero ekuvaka uye maindasitiri plywoods anotsanangurwa neChigadzirwa Standard PS1 chakagadzirirwa neNational Bureau of Standards uye American Plywood Association.Miyero yemapuranga akaoma uye yekushongedza plywood inotsanangurwa neANSIIHPMA HP yakagadzirwa neAmerican National Standards Institute uye Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers 'Association.Aya mazinga haangomise masisitimu ekugadzika eplywood, asi zvakare anotsanangura kuvaka, kuita, uye maitiro ekushandisa.
Kunyange zvazvo plywood ichishandisa zvakanaka miti-kunyanya kuibvisa uye kuidzosa pamwe chete mune yakasimba, inoshandisika inogadziriswa - pachine tsvina yakawanda inowanikwa mukugadzira.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, inenge 50-75% chete yehuwandu hunoshandiswa hwehuni mumuti hunoshandurwa kuita plywood.Kuti uvandudze nhamba iyi, zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinoverengeka zviri kugadzirwa.
Chimwe chigadzirwa chitsva chinodaidzwa kuti oriented strand board, chinogadzirwa nekutsemura danda rese kuita tambo, pane kupenengura veneer kubva murogi nekurasa musimboti.Iyo tambo inosanganiswa neadhesive uye yakatsikirirwa kuita zvidimbu nezviyo zvinomhanya mune imwe nzira.Aya akamanikidzwa akaturikidzana anobva atariswa pamakona ekurudyi kune mumwe nemumwe, seplywood, uye anosungirirwa pamwechete.Oriented strand board yakasimba seplywood uye inodhura zvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-10-2021